There's nothing in your attachment that would be difficult to achieve with Concrete5.
You may find using free or purchasing add-ons from the marketplace will speed up the process of getting it created but...
Yes, I believe you are in the right place :)

i was asking because i was wondering if c5 had a article system where users can submit articles and have it displayed like in my picture

There are several News Blocks in the marketplace and setting Advanced permissions will help control editable areas by different users.
Also, there's an add-on designed to accommodate user uploads worth looking at (http://www.concrete5.org/marketplace/addons/itrio-user-folders/... )

Everything you showed can be easily created with C5.

For your articles i recommend the proBlog add-on from Chad. Its really easy to use and you can select which post categories you want to show on a page or area. Just like you have.

It even has an iPhone/iPad app that you can post straight to your site.

Here is the block:

http://www.concrete5.org/marketplace/addons/problog/...

The rating system could possibly be done with the review add-on:

http://www.concrete5.org/marketplace/addons/reviews/...

Not sure if you can build a list of the highest rated with it but that could be developed if you have the knowhow.

There is a login add-on so thats no problem either.